Odin mode

Odin mode (or Download mode) is for Samsung Galaxy phones what the name means. You are a God and the phone is a slave. In Odin mode, the user is able to flash whatever wants to the internal flash memory inside the phone by connecting phone to the computer via USB cable. As Odin mode is simple program (in the phone), poor user may not even flash main (Android) system, kernel, recovery system, but this is possible to repartition internal flash and reflash Odin mode itself. If something goes wrong and the Odin mode is broken (erased, rewritten, corrupted), the phone no longer boots and is hard-bricked. So Odin mode is dangerous. Because of this dangerous nature of Odin mode, Odin mode is usually used to only reflash main system or recovery (see warnings below) and if possible, recovery mode is used for flashing (as it is less dangerous).

Source: XDA

Recovery Mode

Recovery Mode

In Android devices, Recovery is an Android-based, lightweight runtime environment separate from and parallel to the main Android operating system. Recovery's original purpose was:

§  to apply software updates to the device, e.g. OTA updates, and

§  to erase user data and cache, e.g. for troubleshooting or preparing the device for resale (factory reset) and

§  to run (another) external tool from microSD flash memory

Recovery is stored in a disk partition separate from the main Android partitions (boot/kernel, root/system). It contains its own Linux kernel, separate from the kernel of the main Android system. Because of separate kernel+recovery_apps, the device is able to boot into the recovery mode even main system is broken some way. Until this recovery partition is not broken, the user has nice tool to fix the device. The recovery has nothing to do with the rest of the (Android) system, so is completely independent.

The bootloader determines whether to boot Android or Recovery.

Recovery Mode

Custom recovery apps

The open-source community has extended the original Android Recovery system, to add other features:

§  system backup and restore (NANDroid),

§  the ability to apply Android changes that aren't approved by the manufacturers or carriers,

§  improved user interface, including using the touch screen instead of only the volume and power buttons, and

§  runs adbd, to support ADB connections.

The most popular custom recovery is ClockworkMod Recovery. Others are:

§  4EXT

§  Amon Ra Recovery

§  Team Win Recovery Project (TWRP)

Clock Workmod Recovery

Source : XDA

CWM

ClockworkMod Recovery (CWM) is a replacement recovery option for Android devices, made by Koushik "Koush" Dutta. It is based on the Android 2.1 (Eclair) recovery image. Features includeNandroid backup, adb shell, advanced update.zip options (ignore asserts and signature checks), and file browser for choosing update.zips

The Rom Manager app may be used for installing CWM, overwriting the device's stock recovery. As with the stock recovery, CWM can apply software changes to the device. Unlike the stock recovery, CWM is able to entirely replace the device's primary Android operating system ("flashing a new ROM"), including with aftermarket replacements such as CyanogenMod. Once installed, CWM it is accessed by turning your phone off, then triggering the bootloader prompt by holding down some device-dependent button combination as it is turned on.

CWM is also known as clockwork and CW recovery.

Source : XDA

How to Entering recovery mode on Your phone

This is possible to enter recovery mode by pressing some button combination during boot sequence of the device. The key combination differ from phone to phone, but manufactures usually has similar invocations for similar phones. You have to read a page with instruction for your phone to make sure that you are not doing something weird. When these keys are pressed, the device does not perform normal boot sequence. Instead of this, another partition is picked and kernel+recovery_apps is invoked from this recovery partition, so the rest of the flash is untouched (see custom recovery_apps list above). The combination of pressed keys has nothing to do with the recovery kernel+recovery_apps (ie. what is flashed to the recovery partition, this will be run). Sometimes there is no recovery flashed, so even keys are pressed, no recovery mode is invoked. You may still be able to flash own recovery to the device by Odin mode and use it later.

Example :

Source : XDA

Bootloader

A bootloader is a computer program that loads an operating system (OS) or runtime environment for the computer after completion of the self-tests.

The bootloader configures the device to an initial known state and has a means to select where to start executing the kernel. It can allow you to make this selection, which give you for example the opportunity to start an alternative Linux kernel, or Windows. Because the bootloader is an essential component of the boot process, it is stored in non-volatile memory, such as flash memory.

Bootloaders are written by hardware vendors and are specialized for the hardware they run on.

For Android devices, the bootloader typically starts either Android or Recovery. Android bootloaders often have a basic interactive mode that can be triggered by holding the "volume down" button while the bootloader is executing.

A locked bootloader is one that will only boot an OS that it "approves" of. This may mean that device's boot partition has an approved digital signature, or the carrier ID (CID) hard-coded into the OS matches a value hard-coded into the bootloader itself. See also Wikipedia:Hardware restrictions#Verified/trusted/secure boot and Wikipedia:SIM lock.

For devices with a locked bootloader, booting an unsanctioned OS (e.g. CyanogenMod or Ubuntu) requires the device's owner to first unlock (or even replace[1]) the bootloader. Unlocking the bootloader sometimes voids the device's warranty. Procedures vary typically by manufacturer.

Bootloader unlocking should not be confused with Android rooting.

Source : XDA, Wikipedia

Gorilla Glass III

Gorilla Glass is the registered trademark for a toughened glass, manufactured by U.S. glassmaker Corning, Inc.

It became highly popular as a cover glass for portable electronic devices such as high-end mobile phones.

The manufacturer claims that Gorilla Glass offers high scratch resistance and incredible hardness, which allows the use of thinner glass panels on devices, without the inherent fragility, which traditionally comes with thinner thickness.

The invention for manufacturing this sort of protective glass had supposedly been gathering dust for quite some years in Corning's warehouse, until Steve Jobs, Apple's CEO back then, commissioned Corning to develop a new scratch proof display cover glass for the first iPhone.

The rise of touchscreen phones popularity since then has turned the manufacturing of Gorilla Glass into a lucrative business niche for Corning.

In 2012, Corning introduced a second generation of the material, called "Gorilla Glass 2" and devices using it started shipping in the first half the same year. According to the manufacturer, the advantages of the second generation include even thinner construction, higher transparency to light and allows for even better touch sensitivity.

Gorilla Glass 3 was announced in 2013 and the popular Samsung Galaxy S4 (released in the first half of the year) is announced as the first phone to feature it.

The new generation is marketed as having Native Damage Resistance™. Marketing talk aside, the new glass reportedly provides enhanced scratch resistance, reduced scratch visibility, and better retained strength once a scratch occurs. According to the manufacturer, the Gorilla Glass 3 is stronger, and is 3x more scratch-resistant than Gorilla Glass 2. Plus some 40% less scratches are visible once they occur.

Source : GSMarena

Computer Viruses

Computer viruses are small software programs that are designed to spread from one computer to another and to interfere with computer operation.

Through the course of using the Internet and your computer, you may have come in to contact with computer viruses. Many computer viruses are stopped before they can start, but there is still an ever growing concern as to what do computer viruses do and the list of common computer virus symptoms. A computer virus might corrupt or delete data on your computer, use your email program to spread itself to other computers, or even erase everything on your hard disk.

Computer viruses are often spread by attachments in email messages or instant messaging messages. That is why it is essential that you never open email attachments unless you know who it's from and you are expecting it.

Viruses can be disguised as attachments of funny images, greeting cards, or audio and video files.

Computer viruses also spread through downloads on the Internet. They can be hidden in illicit software or other files or programs you might download.

To help avoid computer viruses, it's essential that you keep your computer current with the latest updates and antivirus tools, stay informed about recent threats, run your computer as a standard user (not as administrator), and that you follow a few basic ruleswhen you surf the Internet, download files, and open attachments.

Once a virus is on your computer, its type or the method it used to get there is not as important as removing it and preventing further infection.

Examples Reply for English Letter

Reply of Inquiry Letter 

MOUNTLEBAND CORPORATION.

109 THE FIFTH STREET

SINGAPORE 009

27th September 2011

Your Ref.             : KM/LS

Our Ref.               : RG/AE

Herjuno busana & Co.

No 208 Jl Cipaganti

Bandung 40131, West Java

Indonesia

Dear Mrs Karmila,

MOUNTLEBAND MENS SHIRTS MEDIUM SIZE

We thanks you for your inquiry about our mountleband mens shirts product.

We are enclosing our catalogue together with prices and terms, for your review and are confident that this catalogue will provide many of

the answers you have inquired.

We are also pleased to inform you that we will allow you a 9% discount on order of 50 pieces.

We hope you will find our prices and terms satisfactory and expecting your order as soon as possible.

If there is additional information you would like to know regarding our products, please do not hesitate to contact us. We will be most happy to be of assistance.

Yours faithfully,

FOR MOUNTLEBAND CORPORATION

Robert Goh

Sales Manager

Reply of Application Letter 

Yayasan Kanaan

Jl. Kran Raya  No. 7 Telp (0352) 311 110

Jakarta Pusat (10610)

November 13, 2013

Number: 09/4-A/1/02

Subject: Call

Designation. Sdr. Fatah Ahmadi

Matraman Village District

Jakarta Pusat

In response to a job application letter you, we thank you. For further discussion,we expect the arrival of brothers on:

day, date : Monday, November 26, 2013

Time                   :  At 10.00 Am precisely

Purposes            :  TOEFL test and interview test in English

Place                  : 2nd Floor, room Summarecon B, Jl. Kran Raya  No. 7 Telp (0352) 311 110

   Jakarta Pusat (10610)

On occasion, we expect you :

1) Brings the original degree certificate

2) Bring a transcript and a copy

3) Bring 2B pencils and erasers

4)Wearing white dress and Under dark

Such a summons is made. Top your attention, I thank you.

HRD Manager,

Prof. Dr. Mac. Aroem, MSc.

Reply of Complaint Letter 

Customer Service

Cool Sports, LLC

8423 Green Terrace Road

Asterville, WA 65435

Tel: 0114 2872222

7 July 2004

Mr Ken Thomas

25 Finch Avenue

Marlborough

Leeds

LS20 2JT

Dear Mr Ken Thomas

Thank you for your letter of 30 June. I am sorry that the estimated period for completion of your a new pair of soccer cleats (item #6542951) has already been exceeded. I realize how much inconvenience this delay must be causing you.

You can send back that item to me and I will exchange it with a new pair of shoes cleats with the same merk and models of the item. I’m so apologize with this mistake because I have much order from the other buyers I hope you can  be understanding of a situasion.

Take it easy and relax at your home at the same time for waiting a new pair of soccer cleats from me.

Please do not hestitate to telephone me if you have any further questions.

Yours sincerely

     Dhitya

Reply of Order Letter 

Mozza Butique

Gotta, 2rd Floor

Tual, Maluku Tenggara

Fashion  Inc

JL. Dr. Laimena Maluku , Indonesia

May 29,2013

Dear Mrs. Ina Monia,

Thanks for your ordering for t-shirt from our Mozza Butique. I have been received your order letter. I will send your order with shipper JNE and will arrive 2-3 days from now to your office at. in JL. Dr Laimena Maluku, Indonesia.

Take it easy and relax in your office at the same time for waiting the t-shirt arrive. I hope you trust and happy to shopping with our butique.

Hoping to have a good relationship with you.

Best regards,

(Fransiska)

Reply of Memo 

To                 :  Anton Bagaswara

                         public relation Manager

From             :  Putri Anggiani

Subject          :  Press Conference of the Concert

Date              :  July 15st, 2010

                    I have been already to attended that press conference at plaza Indonesia on Thursday, July 14st. 2010 at 11 a.m.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Examples Letter of English Letter

Example of Inquiry  Letter

HERJUNO BUSANA & CO

NO. 208 Jl. Cipaganti

Bandung 40131, West Java

INDONESIA

2th November 2011

Ref. KM/LS

Mountleband Corporation.

109 The Fifth Street,

Singapore 009

Dear Sirs,

MOUNTLEBAND MENS SHIRTS MEDIUM SIZE

We are a boutique located in Bandung, and we were interested in your mountleband mens shirt medium size product.

Therefore, we will appreciate it if you can send us a very detailed explanation of the product complete with your catalogues, price list, term, sample of design, and payment. We would also to know if you are offering any trade discounts.

If you can quote us your favorable prices, we would like to place our order as soon as possible.

We are looking foward to hearing from you.soon.

Yours faithfully,

FOR HERJUNO BUSANA & CO

Karmila

Purchase Manager

Example Of Application Letter

Attention To:

HRD Manager

YAYASAN KANAAN

Jl. Kran Raya  No. 7

Jakarta Pusat (10610)

                                                  

Dear Sir/Madam,

I have read from your advertisement at JobsDB that your company is looking for employees to hold some position. Based on the advertisement, I am interested in applying application for Teacher position according with my background educational as teaching education.

My name is Fatah Ahmadi, I am twenty three years old,  I was graduated from Ahmad Dahlan University. I consider myself that I have qualifications as you want. I have good motivation for progress and growing, eager to learn, and can work with a team (team work) or individual. Beside that I posses adequate computer skill and have good command in English (oral and written).

With my qualifications, I confident that I will be able to contribute effectively to your company. Herewith I enclose my :

1.  Copy of Bachelor Degree (S-1) Certificate and Academic Transcript.

2.  Curriculum Vitae.

3. Recent photograph with size of 4×6

I enclose my curriculum vittae for your inspection and look forward to hearing from you soon. I am available for interview at your convenience.

Faithfully,

Fatah  Ahmadi

Example of Complaint Letter

65 Market Street

Val Haven, CT 95135

June 30, 2004

Customer Service

Cool Sports, LLC

8423 Green Terrace Road

Asterville, WA 65435

Dear Sir or Madam:

I have recently ordered a new pair of soccer cleats (item #6542951) from your website on June 21. I received the order on June 26. Unfortunately, when I opened it, I saw that the cleats were used. The cleats had dirt all over it and there was a small tear in front of the part where the left toe would go. My order number is AF26168156.

To resolve the problem, I would like you to credit my account for the amount charged for my cleats; I have already went out and bought a new pair of cleats at my local sporting goods store so sending another would result in me having two pairs of the same cleats.

Than you for taking the time to read this letter. I have been a satisfied customer of your company for many years and this is the first time I have encountered a problem. If you need to contact me, you can reach me at (555) 555-5555.

Sincerely,

Ken Thomas

Example of Order Letter

Fashion  Inc

JL. Dr. Laimena Maluku , Indonesia

May 27,2013

Mozza Butique

Gotta, 2rd Floor

Tual, Maluku Tenggara

Dear Sir or Madam,

As per our discussions on March 28, 2013 we are pleased to place an order for 3 lussin of t-shirt on the following terms and conditions:

·        The cost of each t-shirt will be Rp. 45.000/piece (exclude tax)

·        Delivery will be done within 3-4 days from the order date

·        Damage items in transit are not the responsibility of Mozza Butique

·       If the order is not delivered as per the above terms and conditions, the order stands cancelled and money can back 100%

We shall appreciate your shipping that albums immediately to our office in JL. Dr Laimena Maluku, Indonesia. Payment we will made with transfer banking to your account on May 31 2013.

Hoping to have a good relationship with you.

Best regards,

(Ina Mona)

Example of Memo

To                 :  Wisnu Syaputra

From             :  Agus Prasetyo

                        public relation Manager

Subject          :  Press Conference of the Concert

Date              :  July 11st, 2010

                     Please attend the preps conference at plaza Indonesia on Thursday, July 14st. 2010 at 11 a.m. On behalf of the choreographer team. Cover everything you need for the conference by yourself.